Emphasema

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Emphysema

1. Definition


 * 1) Identify/define topic:

} **__Emphysema __**- A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli

} The alveoli (small sacs) help with oxygen exchange between the air and the bloodstream.


 * 1) History/Origin of item:

} Smoking is the primary cause, which makes it a preventable illness.

2. Signs/Symptoms


 * 1) Specific examples:

} Mostly it causes the shortness of breath and a cough, caused by smoking, which gradually worsens over time.

} Diagnosis of emphysema is based upon history, a physical examination, and pulmonary function studies.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema is not curable once present, but its symptoms are controllable.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">People with this disease might need an oxygen supplement.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Exercise training and education are essential components to help with emphysema


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">How long they should last before concern:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Mostly it causes the shortness of breath and a cough, caused by smoking, which gradually worsens over time.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Diagnosis of emphysema is based upon history, a physical examination, and pulmonary function studies.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema is not curable once present, but its symptoms are controllable.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">People with this disease might need an oxygen supplement.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Exercise training and education are essential components to help with emphysema


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Genetic, hereditary or environmental factors:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Mostly it causes the shortness of breath and a cough, caused by smoking, which gradually worsens over time.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Diagnosis of emphysema is based upon history, a physical examination, and pulmonary function studies.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema is not curable once present, but its symptoms are controllable.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">People with this disease might need an oxygen supplement.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Exercise training and education are essential components to help with emphysema

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. Treatment/Managing the problem


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">If treatment is available, examples and details listed:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema is not curable, once the lungs are damaged it cannot be reversed

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The goal of treatment is to stop lung damage and keep the lungs functioning

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">If the patient is a smoker, then the #1 treatment goal is to get the patient to stop smoking

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">As the disease gets worse, people with emphysema may need extra oxygen, first for sleep, then exercise, then for daily life


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Role of diet:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">People with Emphysema have trouble getting rid of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from the lungs

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">CO2 can come from some of the nutrients we eat, mostly carbohydrates like simple and complex sugars

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A lower amount of CO2 comes from fats

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">People with Emphysema usually have a high fat, low carbohydrate diet to decrease the amount of CO2 in the body

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">It increases calorie energy because ineffective breathing uses up a lot more calories

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A person with Emphysema should have at least 2,000 calories/day with 50% of the calories from fat


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Role of exercise:

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Exercise increases:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Energy level

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Muscle strength and endurance

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Cardiopulmonary (heart-lung) endurance

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Ability to fight infection

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Relaxation

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Restful sleep

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Bone density

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Exercise decreases:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Shortness of breath

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Risk factors of heart disease

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Blood pressure

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Side effects of medicine (steroids)

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Depression

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Blood sugar levels

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Exercise and staying active are an important part of improving emphysema. It is not true that people with chronic lung disease are too short of breath to exercise. Regular exercise helps you feel less short of breath, improve your heart and muscles, and help you feel good about yourself.


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Role of medicine:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">There are three main types of medications:

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Bronchodilators: relax the smooth muscles around the lungs

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Corticosteroids: helps decrease inflammation

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Antibiotics: used to treat common, short-term illnesses because people with emphysema are more prone to them


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Role of family support given:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema does not necessarily affect how long you live, but it affects the quality of your life

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The patient will constantly have the miserable feeling of being short of breath

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">It will be hard on the family because they have to watch the patient struggle to breath

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The person may not be able to play with their kids/grandkids anymore

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The family needs to help the person with emphysema by helping them do things like:

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Heavy lifting

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Walking around

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Etc.


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Management of problem short-term:


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Management of problem long-term:


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Impact on the individual and family:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema does not necessarily affect how long you live, but it affects the quality of your life

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The patient will constantly have the miserable feeling of being short of breath

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">It will be hard on the family because they have to watch the patient struggle to breath

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The person may not be able to play with their kids/grandkids anymore

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The family needs to help the person with emphysema by helping them do things like:

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Heavy lifting

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Walking around

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Etc.


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Impact on the family:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema does not necessarily affect how long you live, but it affects the quality of your life

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The patient will constantly have the miserable feeling of being short of breath

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">It will be hard on the family because they have to watch the patient struggle to breath

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The person may not be able to play with their kids/grandkids anymore

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The family needs to help the person with emphysema by helping them do things like:

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Heavy lifting

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Walking around

<span style="font-family: 'verdana','sans-serif';">◦ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Etc.


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Statistics integrated into the data:
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Number of emphysema deaths: 10,878
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema deaths per 100,000 population: 3.5
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Number of no institutionalized adults who have ever been diagnosed with emphysema: 4.3 million
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Percent of no institutionalized adults who have ever been diagnosed with emphysema: 1.9%
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Over 3 million Americans (2 out of every 1,000 residents) suffer from emphysema.
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">More than 100,000 people in the U.S. die from emphysema annually, and many more die from a disease brought on by it, such as congestive heart failure.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. What I learned/3 WOW’s


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">New information learned:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Smoking is considered as the number one cause of all respiratory diseases, nearly 82% of the respiratory diseases are caused due to cigarette smoking.


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">New information learned:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Statistics show that there are already 2 million Americans that suffer


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">New information learned:

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Emphysema is the fastest growing cause of death in North America

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. Resources

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">“Some Interesting Facts." Home Page. Niagara Clean Air. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.niagaracleanair.com>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"Interesting Emphysema Facts." Health Magazine – Health Articles - Health News Articles. Health Magazine. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.tophealthmag.com>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - PubMed Health." Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001153/>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"Diet for Emphysema and COPD." Online Support Groups for Your Health Challenges. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.mdjunction.com/forums/emphysema- discussions/general-support/2481702-diet-for-emphysema- and-copd>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"Emphysema - Care Guide." Drugs.com | Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side Effects. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.drugs.com/cg/emphysema.html>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"The Importance of Exercise for the COPD Patient." //COPD Information and Interactive Support//. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.copd- international.com/exercise/>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"Emphysema." //Breathe California Affiliates//. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.breathecalifornia.org/healthinfo/emphysema.html>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"Emphysema Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis Information on MedicineNet.com." Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.medicinenet.com/emphysema/article.htm>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"Emphysema Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What Is the Treatment for Emphysema? on MedicineNet." Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.medicinenet.com/emphysema/page6.htm>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"FASTSTATS - Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease." //Centers for Disease Control and Prevention//. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/copd.htm>.

} <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">"How Do I Manage Emphysema on a Daily Basis? - Sharecare." //Expert Health Information - Questions and Answers - Sharecare//. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.sharecare.com/question/how-manage-emphysema- daily-basis>.

} //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Bronson, Mary H., and Don Merki. Glencoe Health. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005. Print. //